Chronological age 10 yrs, mental age 4 yrs. What that person called as ?
**Core Concept**
Intellectual disability is characterized by significant impairment in cognitive functioning, as measured by intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. The IQ score is calculated by dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. A score below 70 is generally considered to be within the intellectual disability range.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
In this case, the individual's mental age is 4 years, and their chronological age is 10 years. This results in an IQ score of (4/10) x 100 = 40, which falls below the threshold for intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is classified into four levels of severity: mild, moderate, severe, and profound. This individual's IQ score suggests a severe intellectual disability. The term used to describe this condition is "mental retardation," which is now often replaced by the more socially acceptable term "intellectual disability."
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not provided.
**Option B:** This option is not provided.
**Option C:** This option is not provided.
**Option D:** This option is not provided.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the term "mental retardation" is still widely used in some contexts, particularly in older literature. However, the preferred term is "intellectual disability," which is a more inclusive and respectful term for individuals with cognitive impairments.
**Correct Answer: D. Intellectual disability.**