**Core Concept**
Chromosome inversion is a type of chromosomal rearrangement where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end to end. This occurs when a break occurs in two places on a chromosome, and the segment between the breaks is reversed before the break ends are rejoined.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Chromosome inversion can occur in different types of chromosomes, including autosomes and sex chromosomes. The inversion can be a reciprocal translocation, where one chromosome has two breaks and the segment between the breaks is reversed, while the other chromosome has no breaks. Inversions can also be a result of errors during DNA replication or repair. The mechanism of inversion involves the breaking of the chromosome, followed by the reversal of the segment between the breaks, and finally, the rejoining of the break ends.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is not applicable, as it is missing.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect, as it does not describe a type of chromosomal rearrangement.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect, as it describes a different type of chromosomal rearrangement, such as a deletion or duplication.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Chromosome inversion can lead to genetic disorders if the inversion disrupts gene function or leads to unbalanced chromosomal complements. Inversions can also be a challenge for genetic counseling, as they can be difficult to detect and may have variable expressivity.

**Correct Answer: C. Inversion of a segment of a chromosome.**