Chromaphenicol is metabolized by: September 2007
**Core Concept**
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is metabolized in the body through a specific enzyme. Understanding the metabolic pathway of chloramphenicol is crucial for assessing its pharmacokinetics and potential side effects.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Chloramphenicol is primarily metabolized by the enzyme cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in the liver. This enzyme is responsible for converting chloramphenicol into its inactive metabolites, which are then excreted in the urine. The metabolism of chloramphenicol by CYP3A4 is a key factor in its pharmacokinetics and potential interactions with other drugs.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because while chloramphenicol is metabolized in the liver, it is not primarily metabolized by glucuronidation.
**Option B:** Incorrect because chloramphenicol is not significantly metabolized by the enzyme N-acetyltransferase.
**Option C:** Incorrect because chloramphenicol is not primarily metabolized by the enzyme CYP2D6.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Chloramphenicol is known for its potential to cause bone marrow suppression, particularly aplastic anemia, which is a rare but serious side effect. This risk is increased in patients with pre-existing bone marrow disorders or those taking other medications that may affect bone marrow function.
**Correct Answer: C. CYP3A4**