**Core Concept**
Chorionic villous sampling (CVS) is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves the removal of a small sample of placental tissue, known as chorionic villi, to detect genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. This procedure is typically performed between the 10th and 22nd weeks of gestation.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
CVS is a valuable tool for diagnosing genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome, and for identifying sex chromosomal abnormalities, like Klinefelter syndrome. The procedure involves inserting a small catheter through the cervix into the uterus, under ultrasound guidance, to obtain the chorionic villus sample. The sample is then sent to a laboratory for cytogenetic analysis, which can detect chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic disorders.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Not a correct option provided, please provide the other options.
**Option B:** This option is not correct as CVS is indeed performed for diagnosing genetic conditions like neural tube defects, but it's not the only indication.
**Option C:** This option is not correct as CVS is indeed performed for diagnosing chromosomal abnormalities like Turner syndrome, but it's not the only indication.
**Option D:** This option is not correct as CVS is indeed performed for diagnosing genetic conditions like achondroplasia, but it's not the only indication.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
CVS has a high sensitivity and specificity for detecting chromosomal abnormalities, but it carries a small risk of miscarriage, typically less than 1%. It's essential to discuss the benefits and risks of CVS with patients and to consider their individual circumstances before proceeding with the procedure.

**Correct Answer: D.**