Which of the following is true of Chicken pox?
**Question:** Which of the following is true of Chicken pox?
A. It is caused by the varicella zoster virus
B. It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia
C. It is typically seen in children older than 5 years
D. Chickenpox vaccination is not available in India
**Core Concept:** Chickenpox is a viral disease caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV), which belongs to the Alphaherpesviridae family. The VZV is the same virus that causes herpes zoster (shingles) later in life.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Chickenpox is indeed caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV). The VZV is a double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Alphaherpesviridae family. This virus infects the sensory neurons, causing them to remain dormant throughout life. When the immune system is compromised, the virus is reactivated, resulting in the clinical manifestation of herpes zoster (shingles).
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
A. Chickenpox is primarily caused by the VZV, but the statement "It is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia" is incorrect. Bacterial pneumonia is a separate condition caused by bacterial infections, not viral diseases like chickenpox.
B. Chickenpox is a viral disease, and while it can lead to complications, stating it is a common cause of bacterial pneumonia is misleading. Instead, it can cause secondary bacterial infections, which may lead to pneumonia, but the virus itself is not a common cause of bacterial pneumonia.
C. Chickenpox is generally seen in children, but it can affect individuals of all ages. The statement "It is typically seen in children older than 5 years" is not accurate. Chickenpox can occur in any age group, although it is more common in children.
D. Chickenpox vaccine is available in India, specifically the Chickenpox vaccine (Varicella vaccine) is part of India's National Immunization Program (NIP) for children aged 12-18 months. Therefore, stating that the vaccine is "not available in India" is incorrect.
**Clinical Pearl:** The VZV is a common cause of viral infections that can lead to severe complications, including secondary bacterial infections, encephalitis, and pneumonia. Prompt vaccination and supportive care can help prevent severe complications and reduce the burden of the disease.