Changes seen in early stage of type-2 diabetes mellitus
**Core Concept**
Type-2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading to hyperglycemia. In the early stages, the body's insulin production is not sufficient to compensate for the increased glucose levels, resulting in hyperglycemia.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The early stages of type-2 diabetes mellitus involve insulin resistance, where the body's cells become less responsive to insulin, making it harder for glucose to enter the cells. This leads to an increase in glucose levels in the bloodstream. Additionally, impaired insulin secretion by the pancreas further contributes to the hyperglycemia. The body's inability to effectively use insulin results in increased hepatic glucose production, decreased glucose uptake by muscles, and increased glucose release from stored glycogen.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the changes seen in the early stage of type-2 diabetes mellitus. While impaired insulin secretion is a feature, it is not the primary cause of hyperglycemia in the early stages.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it is more characteristic of type-1 diabetes mellitus, where there is a complete deficiency of insulin production.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as it is more characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis, a complication of diabetes, rather than the early stages of type-2 diabetes mellitus.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The early stages of type-2 diabetes mellitus can be asymptomatic, and the diagnosis often relies on laboratory tests, making regular screening and monitoring crucial for early detection and management.
**Correct Answer:** A. Impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance.