All the following are the risk factors for cervical cancer except
**Core Concept**
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), and its development is influenced by behavioral, social, and reproductive risk factors. These include early sexual exposure, multiple sexual partners, and socioeconomic conditions that limit access to screening and care.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Low parity (number of pregnancies) is **not** a risk factor for cervical cancer. In fact, higher parity is associated with a reduced risk due to hormonal and immune changes during pregnancy that may suppress HPV progression. HPV infection is the primary driver, and factors like early sexual activity, multiple partners, and low socioeconomic status increase exposure to HPV and limit preventive care.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
Option A: Young age at first intercourse increases HPV exposure due to earlier genital contact, making it a well-established risk factor.
Option B: Multiple sexual partners raise the risk of HPV transmission, directly increasing cervical cancer incidence.
Option D: Low socioeconomic status correlates with limited access to screening, education, and healthcare, contributing to delayed diagnosis and higher risk.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Women with higher parity have a lower risk of cervical cancer — this is a key point in differentiating cervical cancer risk factors from other gynecologic conditions.
✓ Correct Answer: C. Low parity