True about HPV vaccination -a) Given in women age group 20-40 yearsb) Primary dose consists of 2 dosesc) Efficacy > 70% for cervical cancerd) Two types are available in markete) Protect against HPV 16 & 18
**Core Concept**
HPV (Human Papillomavirus) vaccination is a crucial preventive measure against various HPV-related diseases, including cervical cancer. The vaccine targets specific strains of HPV that are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is **e)** Protect against HPV 16 & 18. This is because the HPV vaccine, specifically the quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines, primarily targets high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, which are responsible for approximately 70% of cervical cancer cases. The vaccine induces immunity against these strains, reducing the risk of infection and subsequent disease development.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Given in women age group 20-40 years - This is incorrect because the HPV vaccine is recommended for administration to girls and boys aged 9-14 years and up to 26 years for individuals not previously vaccinated. While it can be given to women in this age group, it is not the primary target population.
**Option B:** Primary dose consists of 2 doses - This is incorrect because the primary series of HPV vaccination typically consists of 3 doses, administered over a 6-12 month period. Two doses may be sufficient for individuals with a history of previous HPV infection or certain immunocompromised states, but this is not the standard recommendation.
**Option C:** Efficacy > 70% for cervical cancer - This is incorrect because while the HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV-related diseases, its efficacy against cervical cancer specifically is estimated to be around 90% or higher in vaccinated individuals. This is because the vaccine targets the high-risk HPV types responsible for most cervical cancer cases.
**Option D:** Two types are available in market - This is incorrect because there are multiple HPV vaccines available in the market, including the quadrivalent (Gardasil) and nonavalent (Gardasil 9) vaccines. These vaccines protect against 9 and 16 high-risk HPV types, respectively, and are used in various countries for HPV vaccination programs.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to note that the HPV vaccine is highly effective in preventing HPV-related diseases, but it does not protect against existing HPV infections. Therefore, screening and vaccination are complementary measures for preventing cervical cancer.
**Correct Answer:** . e) Protect against HPV 16 & 18