Causative agents of “Vincent’s angina”
**Core Concept**
Vincent's angina is a severe form of gingivitis characterized by necrotic ulcers on the gums. It is caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria in the oral cavity.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The causative agents of Vincent's angina are **Fusobacterium necrophorum** and **Bacteroides melaninogenicus**. These anaerobic bacteria form a symbiotic relationship, with Fusobacterium necrophorum producing a toxin that damages the gingival tissue, creating an environment conducive to the growth of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. This synergistic effect leads to the characteristic necrotic ulcers and severe pain associated with Vincent's angina.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** While other bacteria like Porphyromonas gingivalis can cause periodontal disease, they are not the primary causative agents of Vincent's angina.
**Option B:** Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium associated with tooth decay, not Vincent's angina.
**Option C:** Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a bacterium linked to aggressive periodontitis, but not Vincent's angina.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Remember that Vincent's angina is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent further tissue damage and systemic complications.
**Correct Answer:** D. Bacteroides melaninogenicus and Fusobacterium necrophorum.