**Core Concept:** Cataract is a medical condition that affects the transparency of the eye's lens, leading to vision impairment. The lens, located within the capsule, is a part of the eye responsible for focusing light onto the retina. It is composed of proteins and maintains its transparency due to the balance between protein denaturation and renaturation processes.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
Option A (Cataract is caused by protein denaturation) - Protein denaturation contributes to the development of cataract, but it is not the sole cause. The correct answer highlights the importance of protein renaturation and the balance between these two processes in maintaining lens transparency.

Option B (Cornea-related issues cause cataracts) - While corneal diseases can lead to corneal opacities, they are separate entities and not a primary cause of cataracts.

Option C (Infections causing cataracts) - Infections can lead to secondary cataracts, but they are not the primary cause of cataracts.

Option D (Inherited disorders causing cataracts) - Inherited disorders can lead to congenital cataracts, but they are not the primary cause of age-related cataracts.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
Option A focuses on protein denaturation, which contributes to cataract formation but doesn't address the primary cause.
Option B and C are incorrect because they mention the cornea and infections, which are secondary causes rather than primary causes of cataracts.
Option D is incorrect because it discusses inherited disorders, which lead to congenital cataracts, not the common age-related cataracts.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact:** Cataract surgery is a common procedure in ophthalmology, with phacoemulsification being the most frequently performed technique. This process involves breaking up the cloudy lens using ultrasound energy and then aspirating the fragmented material. A new intraocular lens (IOL) is then implanted to restore vision. This demonstrates the importance of understanding the underlying causes of cataracts, as the choice of surgical technique depends on the type and severity of the cataract.