A neonate was found to have cataract, deafness and cardiac defects. Which group of viruses does the mother was infected with:
**Core Concept**
The question is testing the association between maternal infection with specific groups of viruses and congenital anomalies in the neonate. This is an example of teratogenicity, where a maternal infection can lead to congenital malformations in the fetus.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the rubella virus, which is known to cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) when a pregnant woman is infected. CRS is characterized by a triad of cataracts, deafness, and congenital heart defects. This is because the rubella virus can cross the placenta and infect the developing fetus, leading to malformations and developmental delays.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** The varicella-zoster virus can cause congenital varicella syndrome, but it is not typically associated with the triad of cataracts, deafness, and cardiac defects.
* **Option B:** The cytomegalovirus (CMV) can also cause congenital infections, leading to hearing loss and developmental delays, but it is not specifically associated with cataracts and cardiac defects.
* **Option D:** The herpes simplex virus (HSV) can cause congenital infections, but it is not typically associated with the triad of cataracts, deafness, and cardiac defects.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The rubella vaccine is a live, attenuated vaccine that is typically given to children in two doses, with the first dose administered at 1-2 months of age and the second dose at 12-15 months of age. This vaccine is highly effective in preventing congenital rubella syndrome and is a key component of childhood vaccination schedules.
**Correct Answer:** C. Rubella virus