**Core Concept**
Cataract formation is a complex process involving changes in the lens proteins, leading to opacification and vision loss. Age-related cataracts are the most common type, accounting for the majority of cataract cases.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is associated with the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) and oxidative stress, leading to the denaturation and aggregation of lens proteins, such as crystallins. This process results in the formation of a mature cataract, characterized by a dense, white opacity in the lens. The nuclear cataract, which is the most common type of age-related cataract, affects the central part of the lens.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Cortical cataracts are characterized by white, wedge-shaped opacities in the lens cortex, but they are less common than nuclear cataracts.
**Option B:** Congenital cataracts are present at birth and are often associated with genetic mutations or other systemic conditions.
**Option C:** Traumatic cataracts result from injury to the eye and can occur at any age, but they are not typically associated with aging.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Aging eyes are more susceptible to cataract formation due to the accumulation of oxidative stress and AGEs, which can be exacerbated by UV exposure and smoking.

**Correct Answer:** C.