In Krebs cycle, which of the following catalyses the step in which the first CO2 is released?
**Core Concept**
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a key metabolic pathway that generates energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It is a crucial step in cellular respiration, occurring in the mitochondrial matrix.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is . This step involves the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate, where the first carbon dioxide (CO2) is released. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme _isocitrate dehydrogenase_. Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a NAD+ or NADP+-dependent enzyme that plays a vital role in the Krebs cycle by facilitating the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. This step is essential for the net gain of energy in the form of NADH and CO2.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because _α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase_ catalyzes a different step in the Krebs cycle, where α-ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-CoA, releasing another CO2 molecule.
* **Option B:** _Malate dehydrogenase_ catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate, which does not involve the release of a CO2 molecule.
* **Option D:** _Succinate dehydrogenase_ catalyzes the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which also does not involve the release of a CO2 molecule.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Krebs cycle is a critical metabolic pathway that links glycolysis to the electron transport chain, producing NADH and FADH2 as byproducts. Understanding the steps and enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle is essential for grasping cellular respiration and energy production in the human body.
**Correct Answer:** C. isocitrate dehydrogenase.