**Core Concept**
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a critical lifesaving intervention for patients experiencing cardiac arrest. The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) provide guidelines for CPR in pediatric patients, including newborns. The ratio of chest compressions to breathing is crucial for effective CPR.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
According to the AHA and AAP guidelines, the recommended ratio of chest compressions to breathing in newborn patients is 3:1. This means that for every three chest compressions, one breath should be given. This ratio is crucial to ensure adequate circulation and oxygenation of vital organs during CPR. The 3:1 ratio allows for more efficient chest compressions, which helps to maintain adequate blood flow and perfusion of vital organs.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option does not match the recommended ratio for newborn patients. It is essential to follow the guidelines for the specific patient population to ensure effective CPR.
**Option B:** This option is not supported by the AHA and AAP guidelines. The ratio of chest compressions to breathing may vary depending on the patient population, but 30:2 is the recommended ratio for adults and children over one year of age.
**Option C:** This option is also not supported by the guidelines. The ratio of chest compressions to breathing may vary depending on the patient population, but 15:2 is not the recommended ratio for newborn patients.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The ratio of chest compressions to breathing during CPR in newborn patients is 3:1. This ratio is crucial to ensure effective CPR and should be followed in all cases of cardiac arrest in newborn patients admitted to the ICU.

**Correct Answer:** C. 3:1