Sympathomimietic causing increase in mean blood pressure, hea rate and cardiac output on intravenous infusion is?
**Core Concept:** Sympathomimetic agents are substances that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system, which plays a key role in the body's "fight or flight" response. Sympathetic stimulation leads to increased blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac output.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right:**
The correct answer is **D** adrenaline (epinephrine). When administered intravenously, adrenaline acts as a potent sympathomimetic agent. Its effects include:
1. **Increase in mean blood pressure:** Adrenaline increases cardiac output and contractility, leading to increased blood pressure.
2. **Increase in heart rate:** Adrenaline stimulates the heart to contract more forcefully and more frequently, thereby increasing heart rate.
3. **Increase in cardiac output:** Adrenaline increases heart rate and contractility, resulting in increased blood flow to tissues.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**
Option **A** is incorrect as it refers to norepinephrine, another sympathomimetic agent but it is not the correct answer in this question.
Option **B** is incorrect as it refers to dopamine, another hormone but does not simulate the sympathetic nervous system in the same way as adrenaline.
Option **C** is incorrect as it is a general term that does not specifically describe a sympathomimetic agent.
**Clinical Pearl:** Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a potent sympathomimetic agent, and its intravenous infusion is used in clinical practice for various purposes, including:
1. **Cardiac arrest or severe hypotension:** Adrenaline can increase blood pressure and cardiac output, thereby stabilizing the patient's hemodynamics.
2. **Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR):** Adrenaline can improve cardiac output and oxygen delivery to tissues during CPR.
3. **Anaphylaxis:** Adrenaline helps to constrict blood vessels and increase cardiac output in severe allergic reactions.
4. **Hypotension during surgery:** In some cases, adrenaline can be used to temporarily increase blood pressure during surgery.
**Why it's Important for Exam Success:** Understanding sympathomimetic agents like adrenaline is crucial for medical students since it demonstrates your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system, its role in the body, and the clinical applications of sympathomimetic agents in emergency medicine. Correctly identifying and interpreting these agents is vital to make accurate clinical decisions in emergency situations.