## Core Concept
The **BRCA1** and **BRCA2** genes are tumor suppressor genes. Mutations in these genes are associated with an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancers. The risk of developing ovarian cancer is significantly higher in women with mutations in these genes compared to the general population.

## Why the Correct Answer is Right
Women with a **BRCA1** mutation have a lifetime risk of ovarian cancer ranging from 39% to 46%, while those with a **BRCA2** mutation have a risk ranging from 10% to 27%. The combined risk for both genes is often cited around 40-50% for BRCA1 and 10-30% for BRCA2. These risks are substantially higher than the general population risk, which is about 1.3%.

## Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect
- **Option A:** This option underestimates the risk associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. The lifetime risk of ovarian cancer for women with these mutations is significantly higher than the figures provided here.
- **Option B:** This option might seem plausible but still underestimates the risk, particularly for BRCA1 mutations.
- **Option D:** This option overestimates the combined risk for both BRCA1 and BRCA2. While the risks are significant, they are not as high as implied here for a combined figure.

## Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact
A key point to remember is that **BRCA1** and **BRCA2** mutations not only increase the risk of ovarian cancer but also breast cancer. Screening and preventive measures, such as prophylactic surgery, are often considered in individuals with these mutations. The risk of ovarian cancer starts to increase after the age of 40 in these women.

## Correct Answer: C.