Glaucoma capsulare is caused by
**Core Concept**
Glaucoma capsulare, also known as capsular glaucoma, is a rare complication of cataract surgery. It occurs due to the formation of a fibrocellular membrane on the posterior surface of the intraocular lens (IOL), leading to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and subsequent optic nerve damage.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of glaucoma capsulare. During cataract surgery, the posterior capsule may become opacified or even ruptured, leading to the formation of a fibrocellular membrane. This membrane, also known as a capsular fibrovascular membrane, can cause a secondary glaucoma by blocking the trabecular meshwork, the drainage channels of the eye. The increased IOP can lead to optic nerve damage, resulting in vision loss.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not specifically relate to the pathophysiology of glaucoma capsulare. While age is a risk factor for cataracts, it is not a direct cause of glaucoma capsulare.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because it refers to a different type of glaucoma. Neovascular glaucoma is a complication of diabetic retinopathy, not cataract surgery.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because it refers to a different type of glaucoma. Congenital glaucoma is a rare condition present at birth, not a complication of cataract surgery.
**Option D:** This option is incorrect because it refers to a different type of glaucoma. Angle-closure glaucoma is a type of glaucoma where the drainage channels of the eye are blocked, but it is not directly related to cataract surgery.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Glaucoma capsulare is a rare but serious complication of cataract surgery. It is essential for ophthalmologists to carefully examine the posterior capsule after cataract surgery to prevent this complication. The use of anterior capsulotomy, a surgical technique to remove the fibrocellular membrane, can help to prevent or treat glaucoma capsulare.
**Correct Answer:** C.