Calcification of basal ganglia is seen in A/E –
**Core Concept**
Basal ganglia calcification refers to the deposition of calcium salts within the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical structures involved in motor control and cognition. This condition is associated with various neurological disorders and can be a hallmark of certain diseases.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Basal ganglia calcification is a common feature of Fahr's disease, a rare inherited disorder characterized by bilateral calcification of the basal ganglia, thalamus, and brainstem. This process is thought to result from mutations in the ATP2A2 gene, which encodes a calcium pump responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis in the brain. The calcification process leads to the degeneration of surrounding neurons and the disruption of normal motor and cognitive function.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chorea and cognitive decline, is not typically associated with basal ganglia calcification.
**Option B:** Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder causing copper accumulation in the liver and brain, can lead to basal ganglia degeneration but is not typically characterized by calcification.
**Option C:** Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome, a rare disorder of iron accumulation, is associated with basal ganglia degeneration but not typically with calcification.
**Option D:** Fahr's disease is a classic example of basal ganglia calcification, making this option incorrect as it is not an exception (A/E).
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Basal ganglia calcification can be confused with other radiological abnormalities, such as gliosis or infarction, making a thorough clinical and radiological evaluation essential for accurate diagnosis.
**Correct Answer: D. Fahr's disease.**