## **Core Concept**
Medial calcification, also known as Mönckeberg's sclerosis, refers to the deposition of calcium salts in the media of arteries. This condition is often seen in the context of certain diseases that affect vascular health.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Mönckeberg's sclerosis is characterized by the calcification of the media of arteries, which can occur in the absence of significant intimal thickening or luminal narrowing. This type of calcification is commonly associated with diabetes mellitus and is thought to be related to alterations in calcium and phosphate metabolism.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** While atherosclerosis does involve calcification, it primarily affects the intima of arteries rather than the media.
* **Option B:** This option might seem plausible but is not the best answer given the context of medial calcification.
* **Option C:** Not directly related to medial calcification; this option might relate to other types of vascular changes.
* **Option D:** Not specified, but based on the elimination, it's clear that the correct association is with diabetes.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that medial calcification (Mönckeberg's sclerosis) is often seen in diabetic patients and can lead to "pipe-stem" arteries, which are rigid and less compliant. This condition can complicate vascular access and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

## **Correct Answer:** .