**Core Concept**
Caisson's disease, also known as decompression sickness, occurs when rapid changes in pressure cause gas bubbles to form in the bloodstream and tissues. This condition is typically seen in deep-sea divers and individuals who undergo rapid decompression.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is related to the pathophysiology of Caisson's disease. When a diver ascends too quickly, the pressure decrease allows dissolved gases to come out of solution and form bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues. This can lead to a range of symptoms, from mild joint pain to life-threatening conditions such as lung overexpansion injury. The condition is caused by the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the body, which is a result of rapid decompression.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not describe the pathophysiology of Caisson's disease. Caisson's disease is not caused by a deficiency of oxygen in the body.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately describe the condition. Caisson's disease is not a type of high-altitude sickness.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not describe the correct cause of the condition. Caisson's disease is not caused by a viral infection.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To prevent Caisson's disease, divers should ascend slowly and make multiple stops at intermediate depths to allow gases to slowly come out of solution. This can help to reduce the risk of bubble formation and associated symptoms.

**Correct Answer: C. Decompression sickness.**