Brucella melitensis is commonly found in which animal?
**Core Concept**
Brucella melitensis is a zoonotic bacterium that causes brucellosis, a systemic infection primarily affecting the reticuloendothelial system. This bacterium is part of the genus Brucella, which includes several species that infect animals and can be transmitted to humans.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Brucella melitensis is commonly found in sheep and goats, particularly in the Mediterranean region. This bacterium typically enters the animal's body through ingestion of contaminated milk or placental fluids during parturition. The bacteria then multiply within the animal's tissues, leading to systemic infection. The primary mode of transmission to humans is through direct contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because Brucella abortus is primarily associated with cattle, not sheep or goats.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because Brucella suis is commonly found in pigs, not sheep or goats.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because Brucella canis is primarily associated with dogs, not sheep or goats.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to note that brucellosis can be transmitted to humans through consumption of unpasteurized dairy products, such as cheese or milk, from infected animals. This highlights the importance of proper handling and pasteurization of dairy products to prevent zoonotic transmission.
**Correct Answer: C. Sheep and goats.