Group of lymph node involved in breast carcinoma are all of the following except: March 2005
## **Core Concept**
The lymphatic drainage of the breast is primarily to the axillary lymph nodes, which are a crucial consideration in the staging and treatment of breast carcinoma. The axillary lymph nodes are divided into three levels based on their location relative to the pectoralis minor muscle. Understanding the lymphatic drainage pattern is essential for surgical and oncological management.
## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer involves knowledge of the specific groups of lymph nodes involved in breast carcinoma. The axillary lymph nodes, specifically the level I, II, and III nodes, are commonly involved. The internal mammary lymph nodes can also be involved, especially for medially located tumors. However, the **supraclavicular lymph nodes** are not typically considered a primary or initial site of drainage for breast cancer and are often associated with more advanced disease.
## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** The axillary lymph nodes are a primary site of drainage for breast cancer and are commonly involved.
- **Option B:** The internal mammary lymph nodes can be involved, particularly for tumors located in the medial part of the breast.
- **Option C:** The parasternal lymph nodes are another term for the internal mammary lymph nodes and can be involved in breast cancer, especially for medial breast tumors.
## **Why Option D is Correct and the Others are Incorrect in the Context of the Question**
- **Option D:** Supraclavicular lymph nodes are not typically the first or most common group involved in breast carcinoma. They are more commonly associated with advanced disease or with cancers that have spread beyond the initial lymph node groups.
## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the **axillary lymph nodes** are the most common site of lymphatic spread for breast cancer. The involvement of these nodes significantly affects staging and prognosis.
## **Correct Answer:** D. Supraclavicular lymph nodes.