Branch of the posterior division of internal iliac artery is –
**Core Concept**
The internal iliac artery is a major branch of the common iliac artery, supplying blood to the pelvic region. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery gives rise to branches that primarily supply the gluteal region and the posterior aspect of the thigh.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is the superior gluteal artery, which is a branch of the posterior division of the internal iliac artery. The superior gluteal artery arises from the posterior division and runs through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis muscle, supplying the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus muscles. This artery is essential for the innervation and blood supply of the gluteal region.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The iliolumbar artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, not the posterior division.
**Option B:** The superior vesical artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, not the posterior division.
**Option C:** The inferior gluteal artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, not the posterior division.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The superior gluteal artery is a common site for embolization in the treatment of gluteal region tumors or varicoceles.
**Correct Answer:** C.