## **Core Concept**
The blood supply to the vagina is derived from multiple sources, reflecting its complex embryological origins and anatomical location. The upper part of the vagina, being a derivative of the Müllerian ducts, receives its blood supply from branches of the internal iliac artery.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, **D. Inferior vesical artery and uterine artery**, is accurate because the upper part of the vagina receives its blood supply primarily from the uterine artery, which is a branch of the internal iliac artery. Additionally, it can also receive supply from the inferior vesical artery (or the vaginal artery in females), which is another branch of the internal iliac artery. These arteries provide the necessary blood flow to the upper vaginal wall.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
- **Option A:** This option is incorrect because the ovarian arteries primarily supply the ovaries and are not the primary source of blood supply to the upper vagina.
- **Option B:** This option is incorrect as the superior rectal artery mainly supplies the rectum and is not the primary blood supply to the upper vagina.
- **Option C:** This option is incorrect because, although the internal iliac artery is the parent artery for several vessels that supply the vagina, it is not specific enough regarding the direct blood supply to the upper vagina.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key point to remember is that the vagina has a rich collateral blood supply, which is important during surgical procedures like hysterectomy. The uterine arteries, along with the vaginal branches of the internal iliac arteries (such as the inferior vesical or vaginal arteries), ensure that the vagina receives adequate blood supply.

## **Correct Answer:** D. Inferior vesical artery and uterine artery