A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of edema of both legs as well as pen- orbital edema There is no history of diarrhea and no urinary symptoms suggestive of infection. He had a throat infection 3 weeks ago. His blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg. He undergoes a kidney biopsy and light microscopy is normal. The patient is treated and makes a full recovery. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

**Core Concept**
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is an immune-mediated kidney disease that occurs after a streptococcal infection, such as pharyngitis or skin infection. PSGN is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes containing streptococcal antigens and antibodies in the glomeruli, leading to inflammation and damage.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The patient's history of throat infection 3 weeks ago, followed by the development of edema and hypertension, is highly suggestive of PSGN. The kidney biopsy showed normal light microscopy, which is consistent with PSGN, as the damage is often not visible under routine light microscopy. The absence of urinary symptoms and normal blood pressure further support this diagnosis.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema, which is not consistent with this patient's presentation.
**Option B:** Acute nephritic syndrome is characterized by hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension, but the kidney biopsy showed normal light microscopy, making this diagnosis less likely.
**Option C:** Minimal change disease is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, but the patient's presentation and biopsy findings do not match this diagnosis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
PSGN often presents 1-3 weeks after a streptococcal infection, and the diagnosis is often made based on the patient's history and clinical findings, rather than biopsy results.

**Correct Answer: C. Minimal change disease is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children, but the patient's presentation and biopsy findings do not match this diagnosis.

✓ Correct Answer: C. Minimal change glomerulonephnitis