Bilateral cutting of vagus nerve causes ?
**Core Concept**
Bilateral cutting of the vagus nerve can lead to a condition characterized by an increase in parasympathetic tone, resulting in a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac output. This is due to the loss of inhibitory influences on the heart and blood vessels.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The vagus nerve, specifically its vagal fibers, releases acetylcholine (ACh) at the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and smooth muscle cells in blood vessels. ACh binds to muscarinic receptors, leading to a decrease in heart rate (negative chronotropic effect) and contractility (negative inotropic effect). The decrease in heart rate is mediated by the AV node and SA node, while the decrease in blood pressure is due to vasodilation of blood vessels.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because this option is too vague and does not specify the outcome of bilateral vagotomy.
**Option B:** Incorrect because this option mentions an increase in blood pressure, which is the opposite of what occurs after bilateral vagotomy.
**Option C:** Incorrect because this option mentions a decrease in heart rate, which is correct, but does not provide any additional information about the effects of bilateral vagotomy.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It is essential to remember that bilateral vagotomy can lead to a condition known as "vagolytic shock," characterized by hypotension, bradycardia, and decreased cardiac output. This can be a life-threatening condition and requires prompt medical attention.
**Correct Answer: A. Bradycardia, hypotension, and decreased cardiac output due to loss of inhibitory influences on the heart and blood vessels.**