**Core Concept**
The Bertillon System, also known as anthropometry, is a method of identifying individuals based on their physical characteristics, such as body measurements and facial features. This system was developed by Alphonse Bertillon in the late 19th century as a means of uniquely identifying individuals, particularly for forensic purposes.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The Bertillon System involves taking precise measurements of various body parts, including the length of the head, arm span, and other dimensions. These measurements are then recorded and used to create a unique profile for each individual. This method was particularly useful in the early days of forensic science, as it allowed investigators to create a detailed description of a suspect or victim, which could be used to aid in identification.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** The Bertillon System is not primarily used for fingerprint identification, which is a separate method of identification.
**Option B:** While the Bertillon System does involve some physical measurements, it is not primarily used for medical diagnosis or treatment.
**Option C:** The Bertillon System is not a type of DNA profiling, which is a more modern method of identification.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The Bertillon System is an important example of how advances in forensic science can aid in the investigation of crimes and the identification of individuals. It is also a reminder of the importance of attention to detail in medical and forensic practice.

**Correct Answer: D. Identification of individuals through physical measurements.**