A patient presenting with haemoptysis and renal failure with antibasement membrane antibodies has –
**Core Concept**
The underlying condition being tested involves **autoimmune disorders** affecting the kidneys and lungs, specifically targeting the **basement membrane**. This condition is characterized by the presence of **antibasement membrane antibodies**.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The presence of **antibasement membrane antibodies** is a hallmark of **Goodpasture's syndrome**, a rare autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys. In this condition, the antibodies attack the **type IV collagen** in the basement membranes of these organs, leading to **haemoptysis** (coughing up blood) and **renal failure**.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Incorrect because it does not specifically relate to the combination of haemoptysis, renal failure, and antibasement membrane antibodies.
**Option B:** Incorrect as it is not directly associated with the specific antibodies and clinical presentation mentioned.
**Option C:** Incorrect because, although it may involve renal issues, it does not typically present with haemoptysis and the specific antibody profile.
**Option D:** Incorrect as it is not characterized by the presence of antibasement membrane antibodies.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Goodpasture's syndrome is a classic example of an autoimmune disease with a distinct clinical presentation and antibody profile. Recognizing the combination of haemoptysis and renal failure with antibasement membrane antibodies is crucial for diagnosis.
**Correct Answer:** D. Goodpasture's syndrome.