Regarding medullary sponge kidney -a) Autosomal dominantb) Nephrocalcinosisc) ARFd) Minimal proteinuriae) More common in females
**Core Concept**
Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a congenital disorder characterized by the presence of ectatic or cystic dilatation of the collecting ducts in the medulla of the kidney, leading to the formation of calcium stones.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is b) Nephrocalcinosisc) ARFd) Minimal proteinuriae). MSK is often associated with nephrocalcinosis, which is the deposition of calcium salts in the renal tissue. This condition is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, but it can also be seen in individuals with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Moreover, patients with MSK typically have minimal proteinuria, as the condition primarily affects the collecting ducts and is not typically associated with significant kidney damage or impairment.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Autosomal dominant - While MSK can be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, this is not the only inheritance pattern, and the statement is misleading.
**Option D:** Minimal proteinuria - This is correct, but option b) Nephrocalcinosisc) ARFd) Minimal proteinuriaiae) More common in females is the correct answer. This statement is correct but not the full answer.
**Option E:** More common in females - There is no strong evidence to suggest that MSK is more common in females.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
MSK is often associated with other conditions such as urinary tract infections, renal calculi, and hypertension, making it essential to consider this diagnosis in patients with these symptoms.
**Correct Answer:** B. Nephrocalcinosis.