**Core Concept**
Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of cystic dilatation of the collecting ducts in the renal medulla, leading to the formation of calcium stones.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
MSK is often associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. The condition is a type of nephrocalcinosis, which is a disorder of mineralization in the kidneys. Individuals with MSK may exhibit minimal proteinuria, as the primary defect is in the renal collecting ducts, and not in the glomeruli. Additionally, MSK is more common in males than in females.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** "Autosomal dominant" is correct, but when paired with "minimal proteinuria" and "more common in females", it becomes an incorrect combination. Proteinuria is not a characteristic feature of MSK, and the condition is more common in males.

**Option B:** "Nephrocalcinosis" is correct, but when paired with "minimal proteinuria" and "more common in females", it becomes an incorrect combination. Proteinuria is not a characteristic feature of MSK, and the condition is more common in males.

**Option D:** "More common in females" is incorrect. MSK is more common in males than in females.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that MSK is a common cause of nephrolithiasis in young adults, and the condition is often associated with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.

**Correct Answer:**
✓ Correct Answer: C. abc. Medullary sponge kidney is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by nephrocalcinosis and minimal proteinuria, and it is more common in males.