**Core Concept**
Autoclaving is a sterilization process that uses high-pressure steam to kill microorganisms. It is widely used in medical settings to sterilize equipment and supplies. The process involves exposing the items to be sterilized to steam under pressure at a specific temperature and duration.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Autoclaving involves heating the items to be sterilized to a temperature of 121°C (250°F) at a pressure of 15 psi (pounds per square inch). This high temperature denatures proteins, disrupts cell membranes, and ultimately kills all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, and spores. The 15-minute duration ensures that all items are thoroughly exposed to the steam and heat.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:**
This option is incorrect because autoclaving at 100°C (212°F) is not sufficient to kill bacterial spores, which are highly resistant to heat.

**Option B:**
This option is incorrect because autoclaving at 121°C (250°F) is the standard temperature for 15 minutes, not 30 minutes.

**Option C:**
This option is incorrect because autoclaving at 121°C (250°F) is the standard temperature for 15 minutes, not 10 minutes.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
To ensure effective autoclaving, it is essential to maintain the correct temperature and pressure, as well as the specified duration. Failure to do so may result in incomplete sterilization and the potential for infection.

**Correct Answer: D. 121°C for 15 minutes**