## **Core Concept**
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. The disorder is associated with **dopamine** and **norepinephrine** dysregulation in the brain, particularly in the **prefrontal cortex**. The diagnostic criteria include symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

## **Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer, , highlights that ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This is in line with the diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5, which requires at least six symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity to be present in two or more settings (e.g., at home, school, or work). The symptoms must be severe enough to cause significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning.

## **Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately capture the full spectrum of symptoms associated with ADHD.
* **Option B:** This option is incorrect because it only mentions one aspect of ADHD, which is not sufficient for a diagnosis.
* **Option C:** This option is incorrect because it does not accurately reflect the diagnostic criteria for ADHD.

## **Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
A key clinical pearl to remember is that ADHD symptoms can vary across different settings and individuals. For example, some individuals with ADHD may exhibit more symptoms of inattention, while others may exhibit more symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity. Additionally, **combined type ADHD**, which involves symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, is the most common subtype.

## **Correct Answer:** . Inattention, Hyperactivity and Impulsivity.