Premature atherosclerosis causing death is seen in:
**Core Concept**
Fabry's disease is a rare genetic disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme alpha-Galactosidase A (alpha-Gal A). This enzyme is responsible for breaking down certain lipids, called globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 or GL-3). Accumulation of Gb3 in the body leads to premature atherosclerosis, among other complications.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The accumulation of Gb3 in Fabry's disease leads to endothelial dysfunction, activation of the coagulation cascade, and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This results in premature atherosclerosis, characterized by intimal thickening, plaque formation, and eventual cardiovascular events, including death. The deficiency of alpha-Gal A is responsible for the accumulation of Gb3, which is a key factor in the pathogenesis of Fabry's disease.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option B:** Vitamin E deficiency is associated with ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, and impaired immune function, but it does not cause premature atherosclerosis.
* **Option C:** Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the absence of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, leading to fat malabsorption and steatorrhea. While it affects lipid metabolism, it does not cause premature atherosclerosis.
* **Option D:** Spinocerebellar ataxia is a group of genetic disorders that affect the cerebellum and spinal cord, leading to ataxia, dysarthria, and other neurological symptoms. It is not associated with premature atherosclerosis.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Fabry's disease is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning it predominantly affects males. However, female carriers can also develop symptoms due to X-chromosome inactivation, which can lead to mosaicism and variable expression of the disease.
**β Correct Answer: A. Fabry's disease**