Aseptic meningitis is caused by?
First, the core concept here is the causes of aseptic meningitis. Aseptic meningitis is typically viral, so I need to focus on viral agents. Common causes include enteroviruses, which are the most frequent. But other viruses like mumps, measles, herpesviruses, and others can also cause it. Mumps is a classic cause, especially in unvaccinated populations.
Now, the correct answer is D. Mumps virus. Why? Because mumps is a known cause of aseptic meningitis. The mumps virus is a paramyxovirus that can lead to both aseptic meningitis and encephalitis. It's important to note that mumps vaccination has significantly reduced its incidence.
For the incorrect options, since the user didn't provide them, I'll assume the other options might be bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae (which causes bacterial meningitis), or maybe other viruses like influenza (which typically doesn't cause meningitis), or perhaps a non-viral agent. For example, if the options were: A. Streptococcus pneumoniae, B. Neisseria meningitidis, C. Haemophilus influenzae, D. Mumps virus. Then the incorrect ones are the bacterial causes.
Clinical pearls: Remember that aseptic meningitis is usually viral, so lumbar puncture shows lymphocytic predominance. Bacterial meningitis has neutrophils. Mumps can cause orchitis in males and parotid swelling. Also, enteroviruses are the most common cause in summer/fall.
I need to structure this into the required sections. Let me check the formatting rules. Use bold for section names, no markdown except bold. Keep each section concise. Make sure to explain why each wrong option is incorrect. Since the user's correct answer is D, the options must have D as Mumps virus. The other options could be bacterial pathogens.
Let me draft the explanation now, keeping it within the character limit. Make sure each part is clear and precise. Use medical terms correctly. Avoid markdown except for bold labels. Alright, that should cover it.
**Core Concept**
Aseptic meningitis is an inflammatory condition of the meninges caused by non-bacterial agents, primarily **viruses**. Common causative agents include **enteroviruses**, **mumps virus**, **herpes simplex virus**, and **arboviruses**. Distinguishing it from bacterial meningitis relies on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showing **lymphocytic predominance** rather than neutrophils.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
**Mumps virus** is a well-established cause of aseptic meningitis. As a **paramyxovirus**, it infects the central nervous system (CNS) via the bloodstream, leading to meningeal inflammation. Post-vaccine era, mumps-related meningitis is rare but still occurs in unvaccinated populations