**Question:** ARDS is associated with -

A. Increased capillary permeability and lung inflammation
B. Hypoxia and hypercapnia
C. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and sedation
D. Acute respiratory distress and decreased compliance

**Core Concept:** Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe acute lung injury characterized by increased capillary permeability, causing flooding of the alveoli with fluid and proteins, leading to hypoxia and hypercapnia. ARDS is a critical condition that requires prompt recognition and management to improve patient outcomes.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** ARDS is characterized by increased capillary permeability (option A) and lung inflammation, which leads to flooding of the alveoli with fluid and proteins and subsequent hypoxia and hypercapnia (option B).

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Prolonged mechanical ventilation and sedation (option C) are management strategies for ARDS, not associated features.
B. Acute respiratory distress (option D) is a symptom of ARDS, not a defining feature.

**Clinical Pearl:** Recognizing and implementing appropriate ARDS management strategies, including prone positioning, lower tidal volumes, and lower positive end-expiratory pressure, can significantly improve patient outcomes.

**Correct Answer:** A. Increased capillary permeability and lung inflammation