APACHE II does not include ?
**Core Concept**
APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) is a severity-of-disease classification system used to assess the severity of disease and predict mortality in critically ill patients. It takes into account various physiological and laboratory parameters to calculate a score that correlates with patient outcomes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The APACHE II scoring system includes multiple parameters such as temperature, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial oxygenation, and laboratory values like serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine. However, age is a crucial factor in determining the severity of disease, and the APACHE II score takes into account the patient's age, but it does not include a specific parameter for the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Not applicable in this context.
* **Option B:** APACHE II does include serum sodium levels as one of the parameters.
* **Option C:** APACHE II does include white blood cell count as one of the parameters.
* **Option D:** Not applicable in this context.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that age plays a significant role in determining the severity of disease in critically ill patients, and the APACHE II score takes this into account. However, the specific parameter for the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score is not included in the APACHE II scoring system.
**Correct Answer:** D.