**Core Concept:** Antiseptic surgery refers to the practice of minimizing the risk of infection during surgical procedures by using substances that inhibit or kill microorganisms. This method is crucial in reducing postoperative infections, which can lead to severe complications and prolonged hospital stays.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right:** Joseph Lister, a British surgeon, introduced antiseptic surgery in the late 19th century. He introduced the concept of using antiseptic agents in the form of carbolic acid (phenol) to clean and disinfect surgical instruments, wounds, and operating theaters before surgical procedures. By doing so, Lister aimed to reduce the incidence of infections caused by microorganisms and improve patient outcomes.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect:**

A. Louis Pasteur (pasteurization): Although Pasteur is known for his work on microorganisms, he did not introduce antiseptic surgery.

B. Ignaz Semmelweis (handwashing): Semmelweis is famous for emphasizing the importance of handwashing for preventing infections, but he did not introduce antiseptic surgery.

C. Joseph Lister (antiseptic surgery): As explained above, Lister introduced antiseptic surgery and carbolic acid (phenol) as the first antiseptic agent.

D. Surgeons from ancient times: Antiseptic surgery is a modern concept developed in the 19th century, not an ancient practice.

**Clinical Pearl:** Antiseptic surgery has significantly reduced the infection rates during surgical procedures. This demonstrates the importance of applying sterile principles and using antiseptic agents to prevent postoperative infections and improve patient safety.