Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterised by all EXCEPT
**Core Concept**
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, which are directed against phospholipid-binding plasma proteins. This results in a hypercoagulable state, leading to recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is that APS is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, which are directed against phospholipid-binding plasma proteins, such as beta-2 glycoprotein I. These antibodies activate the coagulation cascade, leading to the formation of thrombi. The pathophysiology of APS involves the activation of endothelial cells, platelets, and coagulation factors, resulting in a hypercoagulable state.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Recurrent fetal loss is a characteristic feature of APS. Women with APS are at an increased risk of recurrent miscarriages due to the formation of thrombi in the placenta.
* **Option B:** Thrombocytopenia is also a common feature of APS. The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies can lead to the consumption of platelets, resulting in thrombocytopenia.
* **Option C:** This option is the correct answer. Antiphospholipid syndrome is not characterized by the presence of cryoglobulins. Cryoglobulins are abnormal proteins that precipitate in cold temperatures and are associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
APS can be triggered by infections, such as bacterial endocarditis, and can also be associated with other autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is essential to consider APS in the differential diagnosis of recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy complications.
**Correct Answer: C.**