Antimullerian hormone is secreted by ?
**Core Concept**
Antimullerian hormone (AMH) is a protein hormone that plays a crucial role in reproductive biology, particularly in the regulation of follicular development and sex differentiation during fetal development. AMH is produced by the granulosa cells of small antral follicles in the ovaries and by the Sertoli cells in the testes.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
AMH inhibits the development of male characteristics in the female fetus by suppressing the action of Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), also known as anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) itself, secreted by the Sertoli cells in the testes. In females, AMH is produced from the 5th month of gestation and continues to be produced throughout reproductive life. The serum levels of AMH are used as a marker of ovarian reserve and are indicative of the number of antral follicles present in the ovaries.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as AMH is not secreted by the pituitary gland, which is responsible for secreting various hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as AMH is not secreted by the adrenal glands, which produce hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as AMH is not secreted by the thyroid gland, which regulates metabolism and growth through the secretion of thyroid hormones.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
AMH levels decline with age and are used as an indicator of ovarian reserve. A low AMH level is associated with reduced fertility and increased risk of early menopause.
**Correct Answer: C. Sertoli cells in the testes.**