The antihypertensive which causes decreased libido and impotence is:
**Core Concept**
Beta blockers are a class of antihypertensive medications that work by inhibiting the effects of epinephrine on the heart, thereby reducing heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output. However, their use has been associated with various side effects, including sexual dysfunction.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The mechanism of sexual dysfunction with beta blockers involves the decrease in epinephrine-stimulated release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic nerve terminals in the penis, leading to inadequate erection. This effect is more pronounced with non-selective beta blockers, such as propranolol, which block both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors. **Option C**, Pindolol, is a non-selective beta blocker that has a higher affinity for beta-1 receptors, but still exhibits significant beta-2 blockade, which may contribute to its side effect profile.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Amlodipine is a calcium channel blocker, which is not typically associated with sexual dysfunction. Its primary mechanism of action involves the inhibition of L-type calcium channels in smooth muscle cells, leading to vasodilation and reduced blood pressure.
**Option B:** Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor, which works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor. ACE inhibitors are not commonly associated with sexual dysfunction, and their mechanism of action does not involve the sympathetic nervous system.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Beta blockers are a common cause of sexual dysfunction, and patients on these medications should be carefully evaluated and managed for this side effect. A thorough history and physical examination, including assessment of libido and erectile function, are essential in identifying and addressing this issue.
**Correct Answer:** C. Pindolol