**Core Concept**
The question tests the student's knowledge of the nephrotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. Cisplatin, a platinum-based chemotherapeutic agent, is a well-known cause of nephrotoxicity, leading to acute kidney injury and chronic renal impairment.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Cisplatin exerts its nephrotoxic effects through various mechanisms, including the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inhibition of renal function. It causes damage to the renal tubular cells, leading to impairment of the renal concentrating ability and a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Cisplatin also causes vasoconstriction in the renal vasculature, reducing blood flow to the kidneys.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because methotrexate, although toxic to the kidneys, is more commonly associated with renal tubular dysfunction and the development of methotrexate-induced nephrotoxicity syndrome, which is different from the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect because 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is primarily associated with cardiotoxicity and myelosuppression, rather than nephrotoxicity.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect because cyclophosphamide is primarily associated with hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder toxicity, rather than nephrotoxicity.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity can be minimized by administering hydration, mannitol, and furosemide before and after cisplatin administration to reduce the risk of acute kidney injury.

**Correct Answer: C. Cisplatin**