Ans.A Anti neuronal ab (Ref: Harrison's Internal medicine 18th/Table 319-1; 17th edition, P. 2076). Autoantibodies in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Antibody Prevalence, % Antigen Recognized Clinical Utility Antinuclear antibodies 98 Multiple nuclear Best screening test; repeated negative tests make SLE unlikely Anti-dsDNA 70 DNA (double-stranded) High titers are SLE-specific and in some patients correlate with disease activity, Anti-Sm 25 Protein complexed to 6 species of nuclear U1 RNA Specific for SLE; no definite clinical correlations; most patients also have anti Anti-RNP 40 Protein complexed to U1 RNA Not specific for SLE; high titers associated with syndromes that have overlap blacks than whites Anti-Ro (SS-A) 30 Protein complexed to hY RNA, primarily 60 kDa and 52 kDa Not specific for SLE; associated with sicca syndrome, predisposes to subacute cutaneous with decreased risk for nephritis Anti-La (SS-B) 10 47-kDa protein complexed to hY RNA Usually associated with anti-Ro; associated with decreased risk for nephritis Antihistone 70 Histones associated with DNA (in the nucleosome, chromatin) More frequent in drug-induced lupus than in SLE Antiphospholipid 50 Phospholipids, 2 glycoproteins 1 cofactor, prothrombin Three tests available ELISAs for cardiolipin and 2G1, sensitive prothrombin Antierythrocyte 60 Erythrocyte membrane Measured as direct Coombs' test; a small proportion develops overt hemolysis Antiplatelet 30 Surface and altered cytoplasmic antigens on platelets Associated with thrombocytopenia but sensitivity and specificity are not good; Antineuronal (includes anti-glutamate receptor) 60 Neuronal and lymphocyte surface antigens In some series a positive test in CSF correlates with active CNS lupus. Antiribosomal P 20 Protein in ribosomes In some series a positive test in serum correlates with depression or psychosis Also remember: Antibody Best screening test for Antibody ANA SLE Anti-Histone Drug-induced lupus Antinuclear antibodies SLE, nonspecific Anti-dsDNA; Anti-Sm Specific for SLE Anti-sm (Nelson's Paediatric Textbook) Marker of CNS lupus Anti-DNA Level of which correlates with disease activity Anti-Ro (SS-A) SACL, neonatal lupus Anti-Ro and Anti-La ie risk of nephritis (protective against nephritis) Antiphospholipid Hematological and Fetal Loss Antiribosomal protein Depression and Psychosis Anti-basement membrane Goodpasture syndrome Anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome Anticentromere Limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome) Anti--Scl--70 (anti--DNA topoisomerase 1) Scleroderma (diffuse) Anti--SSA, anti--SSB (anti-Ro, anti--La) Sjogren syndrome Anti--Jo--1, anti--SRP, anti--Mi--2 Polymyositis, dermatomyositis Anti--TSH receptor Graves disease Anti--U1RNP (ribonucleoprotein) Mixed connective tissue disease c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA) Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti--tissue transglutaminase Celiac disease p-ANCA (MPO--ANCA) Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg--*JStrauss syndrome Anti--ACh receptor Myasthenia gravis Rheumatoid factor (antibody, most commonly IgM, specific to IgG Fc region), anti--CCP Rheumatoid arthritis Anti--glutamate decarboxylase Type 1 diabetes mellitus Anti--desmoglein Pemphigus vulgaris Anti--hemidesmosome Bullous pemphigoid Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin Hashimoto thyroiditis Antimitochondria! 1*< biliary cirrhosis Anti--smooth muscle Autoimmune hepatitis ALSO KNOW: LE cells Neutrophils with LE bodies seen in SLE, RA Penicillamine drug induced Hematoxilin bodies SLE endocarditis (Libmann-Sack) 'Wire-loop' lesions SLE type IV nephritis