Gynaecology & Obstetrics An HIV positive, 36 years old female on ART needs counseling. Which of the following 1st trimester markers of Down syndrome would be affected by HIV: A b-hCG B PAPP-A C NT D All of the above 💡 Explanation An HIV positive, 36 years old female on ART needs counseling. Which of the following 1st trimester markers of Down syndrome would be affected by HIV: ✓ Correct Answer: A. b-hCG