**Core Concept**
Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal medication used to treat severe fungal infections, particularly those caused by susceptible species of Candida, Aspergillus, and Histoplasma. It works by binding to ergosterol in the fungal cell membrane, leading to cell lysis and death.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Amphotericin B is particularly effective against invasive fungal infections, such as candidemia, aspergillosis, and histoplasmosis. The drug's mechanism of action involves the formation of pores in the fungal cell membrane, leading to an influx of sodium ions and subsequent cell lysis. This process is facilitated by the presence of ergosterol, a critical component of the fungal cell membrane.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as Amphotericin B is not commonly used to treat bacterial infections.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect as Amphotericin B is not typically used to treat viral infections, such as herpes simplex or influenza.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect as Amphotericin B is not used to treat protozoal infections, such as malaria or toxoplasmosis.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to remember that Amphotericin B can cause nephrotoxicity as a side effect, particularly with high doses or prolonged treatment. This can be mitigated with the use of concomitant medications, such as mannitol or saline diuresis.

**Correct Answer:** C. Invasive fungal infections (e.g., candidemia, aspergillosis, histoplasmosis)