**Core Concept**
The question is testing the student's knowledge of the chemical properties of amino acids, specifically their side chains. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and their side chains determine their chemical properties and function within proteins.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The correct answer is histidine, an amino acid with a basic side chain containing an imidazole ring. This basic side chain allows histidine to act as a buffer in aqueous solutions and participate in enzyme-catalyzed reactions, such as those involved in the histidine decarboxylation reaction. The imidazole ring also enables histidine to act as a proton acceptor or donor, facilitating its role in various biochemical processes.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Glutamic acid has a carboxylic acid side chain, making it an acidic amino acid, not basic.
* **Option B:** Serine has a hydroxyl side chain, which is polar but not basic.
* **Option C:** Tyrosine has a phenolic side chain, which is polar and aromatic but not basic.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
Histidine is a crucial amino acid for maintaining the immune system, and its deficiency can lead to impaired immune function. Additionally, histidine is involved in the synthesis of histamine, a key player in allergic reactions.

**Correct Answer:** C. Histidine