**Core Concept**
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioral changes. The disease is primarily associated with the accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and death.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Amyloid-beta plaques are formed through the abnormal processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by enzymes such as beta-secretase and gamma-secretase. This results in the accumulation of amyloid-beta peptides, which then aggregate to form insoluble fibrils that deposit in the brain, particularly in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease and contributes to the disruption of normal neuronal function.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the pathology seen in Alzheimer's disease. While inflammation is a component of the disease, it is not the primary pathology.

**Option B:** This option is incorrect as it refers to a different neurodegenerative disorder, specifically Parkinson's disease, which is characterized by the accumulation of alpha-synuclein protein.

**Option C:** This option is incorrect as it refers to a different type of brain injury, specifically a traumatic brain injury, which can cause a range of cognitive and behavioral symptoms.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
The accumulation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and the development of effective treatments targeting these pathologies is an active area of research.

**Correct Answer:** C.