**Core Concept**
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal proteins in the brain, leading to neuronal damage and cognitive decline. The key features of Alzheimer's disease include the formation of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss.

**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
Lewy bodies are a hallmark feature of Lewy body dementia (LBD), a distinct neurodegenerative disorder that is often confused with Alzheimer's disease. Lewy bodies are abnormal protein clumps composed of alpha-synuclein that form in the brainstem, leading to cognitive, motor, and psychiatric symptoms. In contrast, Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss, which are not features of LBD.

**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** Amyloid angiopathy is a feature of Alzheimer's disease, where amyloid-beta peptides accumulate in the walls of blood vessels in the brain, leading to vascular damage and cognitive decline.
**Option C:** Neurofibrillary tangles are composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein and are a key feature of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to neuronal damage and cognitive decline.
**Option D:** Senile plaques, also known as amyloid plaques, are a hallmark feature of Alzheimer's disease, composed of amyloid-beta peptides that accumulate in the brain and contribute to neuronal damage.

**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
It's essential to differentiate between Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia, as they have distinct clinical features and treatment approaches. Lewy body dementia is often misdiagnosed as Alzheimer's disease, and vice versa, leading to inappropriate treatment and poor patient outcomes.

**✓ Correct Answer: B. Lewy bodies**