All the following drugs may cause hyperkalemia except-
**Core Concept**
Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. Drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), increase potassium intake, or impair potassium excretion can cause hyperkalemia.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
The RAAS plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance. Drugs that inhibit the RAAS, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (e.g., lisinopril) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (e.g., losartan), can cause hyperkalemia by reducing aldosterone secretion, which leads to decreased potassium excretion. Additionally, potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., spironolactone) can also cause hyperkalemia by increasing potassium retention.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** This option is incorrect because ACE inhibitors and ARBs are known to cause hyperkalemia by reducing aldosterone secretion and impairing potassium excretion.
**Option B:** This option is incorrect because potassium-sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, increase potassium retention and can cause hyperkalemia.
**Option C:** This option is incorrect because NSAIDs can affect renal function and impair potassium excretion, leading to hyperkalemia.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
When prescribing ACE inhibitors or ARBs, monitor potassium levels closely, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or those taking potassium-sparing diuretics.
**Correct Answer:** C. NSAIDs