All the following are true of de Quervain’s Thyroiditis except –
**Core Concept**
De Quervain's Thyroiditis is a self-limiting inflammatory condition of the thyroid gland, characterized by pain in the thyroid region and thyroid gland tenderness. It is caused by a viral infection, often following a mild upper respiratory tract infection. The inflammation leads to damage of the thyroid gland, resulting in a transient hypothyroid phase.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
De Quervain's Thyroiditis typically presents with pain and tenderness in the thyroid region, which is often exacerbated by swallowing or turning the head. The thyroid gland's inflammation leads to the release of thyroid enzymes, such as thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase, into the bloodstream. This results in an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a transient hypothyroid phase, which usually resolves within 2-3 months. The thyroid gland's function returns to normal as the inflammation resolves.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
**Option A:** De Quervain's Thyroiditis is not typically associated with thyroid gland enlargement.
- This statement is incorrect as De Quervain's Thyroiditis is often characterized by thyroid gland tenderness and swelling.
**Option B:** De Quervain's Thyroiditis is a chronic condition.
- This statement is incorrect as De Quervain's Thyroiditis is a self-limiting, acute condition that resolves within a few months.
**Option C:** De Quervain's Thyroiditis is caused by a bacterial infection.
- This statement is incorrect as De Quervain's Thyroiditis is caused by a viral infection.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
De Quervain's Thyroiditis should be distinguished from other causes of thyroid gland inflammation, such as subacute granulomatous thyroiditis and acute infectious thyroiditis. The presence of thyroid gland tenderness, elevated ESR, and transient hypothyroid phase are characteristic features of De Quervain's Thyroiditis.
**Correct Answer:**
A.