All the following are seen in IUD except
**Core Concept**
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a form of contraception that can cause various side effects and complications. The most common IUDs are hormonal (e.g., Mirena) and non-hormonal (e.g., copper T). Understanding the differences between these types is crucial to identifying potential issues.
**Why the Correct Answer is Right**
IUDs can cause several complications, including:
* Expulsion: This occurs when the IUD is dislodged from the uterus. It is more common in non-hormonal IUDs like the copper T.
* Malposition: This happens when the IUD is not placed correctly in the uterus, which can lead to reduced efficacy or increased risk of complications.
* Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): This is an infection of the female reproductive organs, which can be caused by the IUD itself or by an existing infection.
* Perforation: This occurs when the IUD accidentally pierces the uterine wall, which can lead to severe bleeding or infection.
**Why Each Wrong Option is Incorrect**
* **Option A:** Not provided.
* **Option B:** Not provided.
* **Option C:** Not provided.
* **Option D:** Not provided.
**Clinical Pearl / High-Yield Fact**
IUDs can be an effective form of contraception, but it's essential to carefully evaluate each patient's medical history and anatomy to minimize the risk of complications. The copper T IUD is more likely to cause expulsion, while the hormonal IUD (e.g., Mirena) may lead to increased menstrual bleeding.
**Correct Answer:** A.